Loyola University Maryland Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Loyola University Maryland is a private Jesuit liberal arts university with an acceptance rate of 79%. Founded in 1852, Loyola is located in Baltimore close to  Johns Hopkins University. Loyola offers 35 undergraduate programs and is a member of Phi Beta Kappa for its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences. Loyola University has an impressive 12-to-1  student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 20. In athletics, the Loyola Greyhounds compete in the NCAA Division I  Patriot League. Considering applying to Loyola University Maryland? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Loyola University Maryland had an acceptance rate of 79%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 79 students were admitted, making Loyola Marylands admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 10,251 Percent Admitted 79% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 13% SAT Scores and Requirements Loyola University Maryland has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to Loyola may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 63% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. Note that home-schooled applicants are required to submit standardized test scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 580 660 Math 560 660 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of Loyola Marylands students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Loyola Maryland scored between 580 and 660, while 25% scored below 580 and 25% scored above 660. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 560 and 660, while 25% scored below 560 and 25% scored above 660. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1320 or higher is competitive for Loyola University Maryland. Requirements Loyola University Maryland does not require SAT scores for admission for most applicants. For students who choose to submit scores,  note that Loyola University Maryland does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Loyola participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Loyola has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 25% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. Note that home-schooled applicants are required to submit standardized test scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 24 32 Math 23 28 Composite 25 30 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of Loyola University Marylands admitted students fall within the  top 22% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Loyola Maryland received a composite ACT score between 25 and 30, while 25% scored above 30 and 25% scored below 25. Requirements Note that Loyola University Maryland does not require ACT scores for admission for most applicants. For students who choose to submit scores, Loyola participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all ACT test dates. Loyola does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Loyola University Marylands incoming freshmen class was 3.5, and 57% of the class had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Loyola have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Loyola University Maryland Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Loyola University Maryland. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Loyola University Maryland, which accepts over three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat competitive admissions process. However, Loyola also also has holistic admissions and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on much more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades are outside of Loyola University Marylands average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had a high school average of B or higher, combined SAT scores of 1100 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 22 or better. Many accepted students had A averages and SAT scores over 1200. Keep in mind that Loyola University Maryland is test-optional and does not require students to submit SAT or ACT scores (except in the case of home-schooled students), so grades will matter far more than test scores in the admissions process. If You Like Loyola University Maryland, You May Also Like These Schools Towson UniversityBoston CollegeDrexel UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityNortheastern UniversityTemple UniversityLehigh UniversityPennsylvania State UniversityProvidence CollegeAmerican UniversityVillanova UniversityUniversity of Delaware All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Loyola University Maryland Undergraduate Admissions Office.

College Athletics And Education College Athletes

College Athletics and Education How are college athletes able to make time for classes during college? In this day and age, college athletics take up a huge amount of time for college athletes. They have to devote lots of time to practice and games. After awhile, all that time can really add up. How are they able to attend classes without hurting their athletic schedules? College athletic programs do not play a valuable role in higher education because most student-athletes don t attend college for an education, college athletics are too commercialized, the athletes have to devote too much time to practice and games, and the grade-point average for student-athletes have been decreasing over the years. College sports have been the heart and soul of America for quite some time. But, what lies underneath this extravagant organization? Are they able to get a good education while playing sports? Well, college athletes have to travel a lot. For example, the Indiana Hoosiers basketball tea m recently went to Hawaii for the Maui Invitational. Although they didn t do the best, they still had to miss several days of class because the tournament was held during the week. Were they able to make up the missed class time? Unfortunately we won t be able to find out, but according to CNN, most of the student athletes that go to college aren t there for an education...they are there for the sport. In an interview, Rashad McCants—a former North Carolina basketball player— told CNN sShow MoreRelatedThe Consequences of Paying College Athletes1240 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican intercollegiate athletic system†¦ adopted amateurism, claiming it developed competitors who were morally superior to professionals† (â€Å"Amateur†). Amateurism is the concept that athletes should compete without payment. Until recently, playing collegiate sports as an amateur was thought to be a noble calling. 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The massive development and fame of the college athletics have resulted in improved incomes for the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA). Due to increased revenue received by the NCAA, the participates in athletics in the colleges has fuelled the argument of whether the college athletes need to be paid and rewarded moreRead MoreGames Being Won, But Classes Being Dropped1175 Words   |  5 Pagesask why these colleges would be grouped together. Well, these are just a few of the most recognizable universities in our country. What makes these universities so popular? They have an elite sports team, whether it be basketball, football, or even lacrosse, and this attracts more attention to them. Sadly, these universities are thriving in the spoils that young athletes bring to them at unfair costs. College athletics benefit universities the most, but at the expense of the athletes. The universities

Marketing the $100 Laptop Essay Example For Students

Marketing the $100 Laptop Essay I. Central Problem/Issue OLPC/Negropante needs to reach five million minimum laptop orders before starting production or else the cost of producing the laptops would be exorbitant. Although there have been six million purchase orders from various countries there are still no firm deals in place (i. e. no deposits, etc. ). The new concept of the laptop as revolutionary teaching tool that Negropante espouses, one that is child-centric, that allows children to play and build without restrictions (of Microsoft’s suite of software) must also be proven in order for the project to gain more acceptance as an educational laptop of choice. II. SWOT analysis The organization’s internal Strengths product’s strengths include the following: 1. The company’s founder is a successful VC who is well known for being a social entrepreneur has connections and is considered a favoured figure amongst national leaders whose motives are less likely questioned. 2. OLPC as a non-profit organization/project, created to champion the human right of primary education, is admired and trusted by many and is seen as an entity driven to really help and not just out to make profits. . Strongly backed up and supported and even funded by various international organizations and technology companies including: UN, AMD, Google, Red Hat, Brightstar, Marvell, eBay New Corphas strengthens its credibility and ability to innovate. 4. First-mover advantage in introducing a low-priced laptop. 5. The $ 100 laptop has the lowest price in the low-priced category of laptops and is therefore the most affordable. 6. Technical aspects of design that provided the laptop a competitive edge, thanks to the global design contributors brought about the computer’s attractive features: light-weight, built-in Wi-fi connectivity, router/connection device, rugged/tough, low-power LCD screen processor LiPeFo4 batteries (less toxic). 7. On the manufacturing side, OLPC is assured by Quanta to produce a million laptops per month, this quick production is quite amazing considering that the global production of laptops totals only 5 million units per month. While its Weaknesses are as follows: 1. In the technology industry, the first-mover advantage does not last long. OLPC needs to act fast and start producing the laptops before competition starts learning from their mistakes and can eventually overtake them. 2. The laptop has no global brand recognition unlike most of its competitors who are established seasoned players in the industry. 3. The low-pricing strategy might send out wrong signals that the quality of the laptop is inferior and substandard. . Supplier power is very strong given that they do not have a well established supply chain, a single unit needing to source out 800 parts from multiple suppliers. 5. The $200-250 million per nation investment scheme is an exorbitant amount most especially for developing countries. An external analysis of the industry shows the below Opportunities: 1. Estimate of worldwide PC usage is 1 billion (in 2008) which will double by 2015, the bulk of growth expected in the BRIC countries. 2. Broad worldwide consensus that education especially through technology would alleviate hardship in developing countries. and its Threats: 1. Reports of some US schools that laptops are instead becoming distractions and that they have found no evidence in increased improvements of students is an alarming and valid concern that can stop the OLPC project. 2. Prevailing perception that developing nations should first address issues of more basic necessities such as food, shelter, electricity and health; therefore, funds should be focused here instead of being funnelled to education and/or technology. . Aside from having limited funds, governments of developing countries are well known as being highly bureaucratic and have as stated in the case a fickle nature; therefore, negotiations may never finish or may take a long time to conclude. 4. Most jobs require MS Office know-how, this can become a hindrance considering the paradigm shift away from â€Å"Wintel† that Negroponte is put ting forward. III. Options Based on the SWOT identified above, the following strategies or options can be undertaken: S-O Strategies Instead of just focusing on the millions of children of developing countries, OLPC can expand the project’s target market to include children from developed countries. There are after all richer countries that have disfranchised or marginalized sectors that live below the subsistence level, it may not be as significant as those present in the developing world, but they are there and they would benefit as well from OLPC’s project. The laptop’s educational benefits, its cost and energy saving features should be made available for everyone. American And Indian Culture EssayLaptops are distractions 2. address issues of more basic necessities first 3. governments bureaucratic and fickle 4. MS office as a requirement for many jobs| S-T Strategies * Leverage on social responsibility (S1, S2, S5, T3) * partnership tie-ups for a more comprehensive and sustainable plan (S1, S2, S3, T2) * high media exposure (S1, S2, S3, T3)| W-T Strategies * proof of concept – proposed paradigm shift where a more constructionist approach in teaching or child-centric approach is much more effective than a teacher-centric one (W2, W3, T1, T4)| IV. Recommendation OLPC and Nicholas Negroponte’s social venture is two-fold in nature. Hinge in a dream which that they want to make reality: (1) education through laptops made very affordable and accessible to a greater number of people in the bottom of the pyramid and (2) to allow the incoming generations to break free from the â€Å"Wintel† monopoly which he deems dampens and restricts creativity of the learning process. It may have been unintentional but because of their existence, laptop prices have taken a dive as new models have been created and have been made more affordable by a number of technology companies. In the first goal they have somewhat succeeded. But hitting the target $100 price tag is still unreachable unless economies of scale can be employed. In order to achieve this, targeting a wider diverse market is needed. The use of price discrimination can also help in that higher priced units sold in developed countries can subsidize laptop units to be distributed in developing countries. Since OLPC directly and firstly have to deal with governments they must find means and ways to manoeuvre in their bureaucratic and fickle nature. Bringing in wide media exposure can help hasten and stress the urgency of the project plus influence and pressure governments to commit fully. Alternatives must also be proposed in terms of investment plans. Given the limited financial resources of developing countries, investment of one million laptops at a time per country must be made more flexible and should not be set in stone; i. e. allowances for lesser amounts of investment to fit respective government’s budgets. On the other hand, the 2nd goal is still far from ever being reached unless the strategies stated in the options part above are undertaken. A repositioning or refocus of the value proposition from price to and educational tool of choice must obviously be carried out. This differentiation will obviously be attacked by competitors. Therefore, in order to counter this and have a wider acceptance, proof of concept, tie-ups, etc must be embarked upon. V. Plan of action (tactical) Given the 1M at a time investment, a minimum of 5 countries must fully commit in order to surpass the five million units minimum order requirement. Applying the above recommendation of flexibility, say 50% of 1M units or 500,000 laptops can be a much acceptable size of investment, and can be the difference that can make developing countries commit. If the above proposed change in strategy is still not enough to reach the 5 million units investment, expanding the target market or enlarging the scope of the laptop’s benefits can be carried out. Including even children of developed countries will bring about supplying a larger market base that will lead to the much needed economies of scale to start production. Opening up the technology to others aside from the developing countries and pricing the units at a higher price can also help finance fully or even partially those to be released in developing ones. For example, a laptop unit purchased in the U. S can be priced at a range of $300-400; the profit of $100-200 can then be subtracted to one unit sold in a developing country. In order to achieve the full aim of the program, that is to decrease and fight poverty n developing areas, a focus on a much more comprehensive and sustainable programs must be created in tandem with other organizations focused on other aspects of addressing poverty. To gain wider acceptance and credibility of the method of teaching with which the technology embedded in the laptop promotes, a proof of concept as suggested above must be done. Effects of improvements in academic performance must therefore be measured. This at the same time will serve as a shield or protection against attacks of competitors on the stren gth of the pursued advocacy.

Strategic HRM issue in an Industry project Essay Example

Strategic HRM issue in an Industry project Essay The concept of Human Resource Development (HRD) has been increasingly creating attention from individual, organizational and community societal levels. The growth of human resource development has been witnessed over the past decade. Management of sustainable performance results is quite challenging task and should be based on a comprehensive, holistic approach to performance improvement and management. For successful growth of a company, the Human resource manager has to play a bigger role. This is because the role of human resource managers is constantly changing as the management of business systems also changes. The introduction of the new technology has changed the way new businesses are carried and most companies are facing a lot challenges in the current business environment. For good results to be obtained by a company there are some tasks that the human resources managers have to do. For example all the organization functions should be integrated by putting emphasis on meeti ng customer needs and organization objectives. New information and communication technology has made most of the current HR to fail in their work. Most managers are nowadays doing business reengineering and redesign by applying new methods of production. Due to increasing rate of competition in the global business, environment, most human managers have also shifted their operations. The new system has brought new productions methods such as formation of mergers and acquisitions and outsourcing in order to improve production. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the industries that has been affected by the new technology and is doing business re-engineering. This has been seen in the merger of Well Burrough and Glaxo pharmaceutical industry in the year 1996. Mergers and acquisition of late have become the order of the day in contemporary business era. The concept of merger and acquisition provides strategic, operating and financial benefits to both he parent company and acquired or merged company. Most Human Resource managers of different companies have realized huge financial benefits after having successfully employed the concept of mergers and acquisition in their organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic HRM issue in an Industry project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic HRM issue in an Industry project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic HRM issue in an Industry project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Introduction. Through mergers large companies have formed new products and technologies necessary to maintain their competitive advantages growth and profitability. However badly done mergers and acquisitions will automatically result in poor performance of these organization yield bad results. First it may lead to disruption of business activities, disadvantages pf employees and defection and above all decrease in production plus production of poor quality products for the combined company or the one formed through acquisition. (Taylor, 2000). This paper presents the challenges facing the Glaxo and welcome Burrough joint company that was formed through merger since 1996 and how the Human Resource manager has tried to tackle the issues. The paper starts by reviewing the Hr issues that might have led to poor performance of merger by Glaxo and Welcome Burrough companies and how they have tried to address the issue. Literature review on merger and acquisition. Most of the companies are experiencing successful growth because of the idea of merger and acquisitions the HR managers have put into place.   Mergers and acquisitions have yielded a lot of profits to these companies as a source of new funds in business. The whole process of merger and acquisition is very complex and therefore brings a lot of challenges to the HR who should ensure that the transaction process is properly monitored (Taylor, 2000). The HR therefore must have the responsibility to influence the various activities so that each company comes out a head and satisfied (Sparks, 1998) In merger and acquisition the HR department will play a number of activities to ensure that there is smooth amalgamation of the two companies. Among the roles include redesigning the company’s model and structure, evaluating essential individuals and setting up the distribution of new and redistribution of present assets and funds (Numerof and Abrams, 1998). The HR should also play the role of evaluation of staffing needs and where possible downsizing can be done. Restructuring of incentives to ensure integration of crucial staff, salaries harmonization and streamlining of payments are also among some issues the HR should put into consideration. According to Taylor (2002) the HR should  Ã‚   pay close attention to the issues that affects the employees and bringing the staff departments together. Generally coming up with a successful merger and acquisition is very difficult because it means losing one of the departments or one side might feel sabotaged. The HR is to be the central person in managing the transition and smoothing out any performance hitches that may compromise productivity during this period. He has the responsibility of making certain strategies and policies in any merger and acquisition process. After having looked at the literature review, this paper will critically analyze the HR issues faced during mergers and acquisition. Glaxo and Well Burrough companies have been used as the reference company that was formed in 1996 through merger and to date still facing some problems brought by poor formation of merger and acquisition. Role of HR at various stages of merger and acquisition. Just from the beginning the HR plays a complex role in the process of merger and acquisition. He should understand that he is dealing with different assets and different people from different cultural background. He therefore needs to recognize whether the cultural values of the two parties are compatible whether one culture will be dominant and the other less dominant. These issues should be addressed. This is one area where the HR for Glaxo and Welcome Burrough went wrong. Staffing. Most of the businesses formed by merger and acquisition always lose their key people after acquisition. It means that retention of key employees is crucial to achieving performance goals through the transition. The HR should therefore ensure that key employees and competent ones are retained in the company. Carrying assessment in the type of employees to be retained should be done whereby those who have worked for long are supposed to be retained.   Solidification of the new staff is very necessary to strengthen the organization. Since mergers and acquisition involves two parties, proper balancing when choosing the new staff members needs to be considered. The various interests of the new staff members picked should be articulated with those retained by the HR to ensure smooth transition (Creswell, 2001). Picking on new members of the organization may require a team leader representing the tow parties. The leader should help the HR in making positive judgment on who is to stay and who is to leave (Spark, 1998). The moment a new team is picked, the HR should ensure that a specific task is assigned to a particular individual on his area of specialization. On dong this he will be able to make good decision on how to come up and coordinate new culture, structure, HR policies and practices that should be incorporated in the newly formed organization. This means that staffing is a key issue that should not be ignored by the HR. Job redesign. The HR should redesign the organization strategies for smooth take over to be achieved. The type of merger should also be addressed effectively for example whether the company is to be formed through acquisition or merger. He should perform some readjustments and reengineering to the new system to ensure solidification of the new staff is achieved. The two companies discussed formally failed because of the inability of the HR to carry an effective job redesign. The new team picked starting with senior officials should be selected with an objective of cutting down the cost of operation to ensure huge financial benefits are achieved. Training programs. Training is one of the best business practices that the current Human Resources managers and supervisors need to know. Effective training should be given to the new staff members to ensure the new knowledge and skills are passed into them. The HR needs to recognize that his is in a new environment and dealing with new employees. Each worker should be trained thoroughly in his/her area of specialization to ensure smooth transition. Training should also be provided in areas dealing with discrimination and harassment. Discrimination is a common vice that do exist in any organization. Chances of bullying and harassment may exist in the organization since the company will consist of new employees. Training should be reevaluated whenever new equipment, tools are introduced into the work place and any time a new employee is recruited. Dealing with cultural issues. In any organization, employees tend to come from different cultural backgrounds. In merger and acquisition the HR is faced with a difficult task of handling the cultural issues of the two parties (Brett, Behfar and Kern, 2006). The HR should check whether the two cultural values are compatible or not. For example one culture may be dominant over the other. Cultural identification will help him in coming up with procedures on how people falling under different cultures will operate when merged together. The way employees react to the change introduced will normally determines whether the combined company will be productive or not. Human Resource manager is believed to be an officer who has powers to address the cultural differences among the employees. If the cultural differences are not addressed, the whole process of take over may fail whereby the company may end up not getting the huge financial benefits it wants to achieve. Intermixing of staff members never succeeded properly in the merger between Glaxo and Welcome Burroughs in 1996. There was a problem between employees and the administration over the salary increment. The pharmaceutical company is situated in India.   The difference that occurred over the salaries between the two companies employees was such that even after a one-month compensation offer was made, it was refused and both subsidiaries have continued to operate as independent subsidiaries. A pointing an integration team headed by integration manager could have solved this problem. The manager is charged with the responsibility of carrying out negotiation between the two parties. The integration manager appointed should act as project manager, advisors, negotiator, facilitator and relationship builder. This duty was ignored by the HR heading the new company that was formed through the merger of Glaxo and WelcomeBurrough. Power and conflict is another problem that is experienced during mergers and acquisition process. The HR is supposed to be vigilant when handling power and conflict issues. He needs to bring conflict out to the surface and deal with power issues very closely. He should figure out the role of each organization to prevent unnecessary conflicts between the two parties involved. The two organizations should not be left to work in guesswork on who is to control the other. Communication should be made open whereby all the necessary information pertaining the merger should be passed to the members. Reward and motivation. Employees in any organization will tend to work effectively when rewarded appropriately motivating employees has always been a high level concern for human resource managers. As such, recognition and rewards often take on mythical status in value for managers to increase productivity and increase retention. Any good work done should be rewarded to ensure that employees’ self-esteem are maintained and increased.   Positive reinforcement and rewards always keep the company to move towards the required direction. Employees should not be fooled by feeding them with nice words without any action being taken. He should keep to his promise. Rewards and motivation can be brought by building team work (Viasic and Stertz, 2000). Compliance to legislation. The process of merger and acquisition is very complicated. The HR should therefore take the responsibility of influencing the various activities so that each company comes out a head and satisfied. The legal framework governing the process of merger and acquisition should be observed. These may include intellectual property issues and financial issues. Retention issues, recruitment, management, payment scheme, medical cover and rewards should be discussed before take over is done. The legal issues raised during M A may affect strategy development structure and responsibilities of different members. Other legal issues include compliance of the transaction with local, state and federal laws. It may also include conducting a  Ã‚   proper consultation to unearth any potential lawsuits or potential claims. Different stakeholders should be consulted to ensure that proper understanding is achieved between the two parties. Evaluation The HR should perform evaluation on the operations of the new company formed through mergers and acquisitions. Evaluation will help him make some adjustments on improving products and services offered by the company. After selecting the key people to be retained and new employees to join the company, evaluation of the core operations of the company should then be done. The corporate culture, employee demographics, current remuneration and unsettled labor and employees issues should be evaluated. An understanding of these issues will ensure that the HR stays a head of the curve during the merger (O’Reilly and Pfeffer, 2000). The joint company never carried out evaluation of the various elements in the new company. Employee salaries were not assessed when the negotiation was made. The structure of the company and those in charge should also be evaluated. He should find out what the employees feel about the new merger to be formed, as this will determine whether the whole process of merger will be successful. It can be said that evaluation was not carried on merger between Glaxo and Welcome Burroughs in the year 2001.The differences that arose could have been solved if the HR would have done proper evaluation. Summary. Many changes have been identified as a result of merger and acquisition. It is the responsibility of the HR of the company to ensure that these challenges are properly addressed. This will ensure smooth integration process. The HR should be responsible for the cultural integration, leadership and communication of merging firms. power, cultural differences and communications are some of the key issues that the HR should address to ensure smooth takeover.   Any change introduced within the organization should be communicated in time to the relevant people. Thorough assessment on the two companies to be merged should be done to confirm whether they are compatible or not. A company can be better placed in the production line if the HR lays effective strategy before the merger and acquisition process effected. Another reason for poor performance of companies formed through merger and acquisition is due to failure to develop specialized skills and resources. Those who are involved in the deal at times are not aware of the productivity tools required of them in the merger process. These people should have relevant skills and knowledge before they venture in to the deal. Skills most of these dealers lack is about profit making, effective communication and the strengths of the organization plus its limitations. Various professional should be contacted, funding sources and sources of business information. All these should be stored in his database. These skills will help one when entering into a deal on merger and acquisition. I can also say that those companies involved in merger and acquisition do fail to achieve for financial benefits because they do not use professional counsel to add value to their organization and decisions they are making. They do not realize that merger and acquisition is a complex and complicated process, which is detailed, and time consuming if both parties are not careful. It might take years and years before the smooth take over is finally realized. This implies that a lot of risks are associated with the acquisition process therefore one need to seek help on how to go about the process. The only source of help is by seeking for advice from professionals who have been dealing with process and have brought successful results. Companies that fail do not consult widely on how to approach the merger and acquisition profess. Conclusion The pharmaceutical industry is one of the industries that has been affected by the new technology and is doing business re-engineering. This has been seen in the merger of well Borough and Glaxo pharmaceutical industry in the year 1996. What can be said is that companies formed through merger and acquisition under a competent HR have been placed in a better position as far as healthy competition in the business environment is concerned. The whole process may be effective if proper planning is done. The HR should take the responsibility of bringing the two parties together to ensure smooth take over. However many companies formed through merger and acquisitions have failed to realize financial benefits because the HR issues discussed above are not addressed. Compliance to legislation, cultural issues, staffing, businesses redesign and evaluation should be properly addressed to ensure smooth take over.   If all these are checked, the HR will therefore realize the huge financial benef its it wants to achieve.

How to become a millionnaire essays

How to become a millionnaire essays The tax code needs to be made simpler than it is. The Internal Revenue contains more than a million words that the average American does not know the meaning of or the laws behind them. That forces the person to have to get a professional to do their taxes. The number of pages in the Internal Revenue Code and Regulations has more than doubled in the past twenty years, which is more dumb language most people can not understand. By 2010, more than one in five taxpayers will be forced to calculate their income taxes twice -once for the regular income tax and once for the Alternative Minimum Tax - and then pay the greater amount.(Anthony, Mark) If it takes almost twelve pages to calculate the poor earned income tax, imagine what it is doing to the wealthy and large businesses. The money people do get back they end up paying most of it to their tax preparer. All of that nonsense which hardly means nothing, just a couple of big headed people that got into a room and found a smart unique w ay to take the money people have worked hard for and put it into someones else pocket. Yes, the tax code should be clearly defined, clearer that not only law makers and government officials could read and comprehend it, but the people who it applies to could also. When it comes to being fair, the tax code does not clearly define the term. If it did there would not be as many loopholes as there are now. A new tax code would give the Bush administration a chance to make that happen. "My tax cut plan is not just about productivity, it is about people. Economics is more than narrow interests or organized envy. A tax plan must apply market principles to the public interest. And my plan sets out to make life better for average men, women and children." (President George W. Bush) The current tax code is full of inequities. Many single moms face higher marginal tax rates than the wealthy. Couples frequently face a higher tax burden after they ma...

Differences Between Carbon-12 and Carbon-14

Differences Between Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are two isotopes of the element carbon. The difference between carbon-12 and carbon-14 is the number of neutrons in each atom. The number given after the atom name (carbon) indicates the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom or ion. Atoms of both isotopes of carbon contain 6 protons. Atoms of carbon-12 have 6 neutrons, while atoms of carbon-14 contain 8 neutrons. A  neutral atom would have the same number of protons and electrons, so a neutral atom of carbon-12 or carbon-14 would have 6 electrons. Although neutrons do not carry an electrical charge, they have a  mass comparable to that of protons, so different isotopes have different atomic weight. Carbon-12 is lighter than carbon-14. Carbon  Isotopes and Radioactivity Because of the different number of neutrons, carbon-12 and carbon-14 differ with respect to radioactivity. Carbon-12 is a stable isotope. Carbon-14, on the other hand, undergoes radioactive decay: 146C → 147N 0-1e (half-life is 5720 years) Other Common Isotopes of Carbon The other common isotope of carbon is carbon-13. Carbon-13 has 6 protons, just like other carbon isotopes, but it has 7 neutrons. It is not radioactive. Although 15 isotopes of carbon are known, the natural form of the element consists of a mixture of only three of them: carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. Most of the atoms are carbon-12. Measuring the difference in the ratio between carbon-12 and carbon-14 is useful for dating the age of organic matter  since a living organism is exchanging carbon and maintaining a certain ratio of isotopes. In a diseased organism, there is no exchange of carbon, but the carbon-14 that is present undergoes radioactive decay, so over time, the isotope ratio becomes more and more different.

Management Service Quality and SERVQUAL Research Paper

Management Service Quality and SERVQUAL - Research Paper Example SERVQUAL as a quality analysis tool takes various facets of customer expectation into consideration and matches them with the real experience (Kettinger, and Lee, 2010). This can be used as a measure by managers of medical insurance companies to establish the true nature of their customer’s feelings. There has been almost a 60% growth of medical insurers in the Middle East, especially in the Arab Emirates. The competition for this limited market has inevitably been high over the last decade. Therefore, many firms have adopted professional marketers to handle the selling of their products (Burns, 2012). However, the packaging of these policies may not be as realistic as they ought to be because sales agents aim for commission and may add untrue facts so that they excite the customers.The health sector in the UAE has grown over the past decade because of the massive investment, both in the country and private players in general. Both local and international companies have set ba se in the country because of its reputation of being economically stable. There are various factors attributing to the exponential growth of the general insurance in the country. These include the fact that the health sector no longer operates in the conventional aspect where the government had the highest stake. In this day and age, there many countries have adopted the competitive free market. Secondly, the use of marketing tools that the corporate world was previously using in this industry.

Microscope Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microscope - Lab Report Example Bright field microscope is also called as student microscope. Bright field microscope can be used to study live micro organisms and pre- prepared slides. (Fixed stained smears). (Bain 2008). Bright Field Microscope: In this lab bright field microscope is used. The main parts of the microscope are lens system, revolving nose piece, stage, condenser and Iris diaphragm, light source, course focusing knob and fine focusing knob. The lens system consists of ocular and objectives. Ocular lens is the eye piece lens through which the specimen is viewed. Oculars have a magnifying power of 10 x in student microscope and the level of magnification is marked in the ocular. (Bisen and Sharma 2012). There are three objectives with different magnifying power. The scanning objective has the shortest magnifying power of 4x and it is the lowest magnifying power in a microscope. This lens is used to locate the specimen in the slide and to observe the large structures. The low power objective has the ma gnifying power of 10 x and used to observe the smaller structures at little detail. The high power objective of the student microscope has the longest objective and magnifying power of this objective is 40 x. fine details about the specimen are studied using this high power objective. (Bisen and Sharma 2012). The revolving nose piece has the objectives. The objectives with different magnifying power are chosen using this revolving nose piece. The stage is the flat surface on present below the objective on which the specimen is mounted. The centre of the stage has an opening through which the light passes on the specimen. (Bain 2008). The stage is mechanical and geared. The mechanical stage can be... In this lab bright field microscope is used. The main parts of the microscope are lens system, revolving nose piece, stage, condenser and Iris diaphragm, light source, course focusing knob and fine focusing knob. The lens system consists of ocular and objectives. Ocular lens is the eye piece lens through which the specimen is viewed. Oculars have a magnifying power of 10 x in student microscope and the level of magnification is marked in the ocular. (Bisen and Sharma 2012). There are three objectives with different magnifying power. The scanning objective has the shortest magnifying power of 4x and it is the lowest magnifying power in a microscope. This lens is used to locate the specimen in the slide and to observe the large structures.   The low power objective has the magnifying power of 10 x and used to observe the smaller structures at little detail. The high power objective of the student microscope has the longest objective and magnifying power of this objective is 40 x. fin e details about the specimen are studied using this high power objective.   The revolving nose piece has the objectives. The objectives with different magnifying power are chosen using this revolving nose piece. The stage is the flat surface on present below the objective on which the specimen is mounted. The centre of the stage has an opening through which the light passes on the specimen. (Bain 2008). The stage is mechanical and geared. The mechanical stage can be move to obtain the better resolution.

English Proverbs Essay Example for Free

English Proverbs Essay A Ability can take you to the top, but it takes character to keep you there. Zig Ziglar, in See You at the Top (1975), p. 380 Absence makes the heart grow fonder. From Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly Absence makes the heart grow fonder but makes the mind forget. The acorn (apple) never falls far from the tree. Act today only, tomorrow is too late Action is the proper fruit of knowledge. Actions speak louder than words. (a common English saying) Advice most needed is least heeded. After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. All cats love fish but hate to get their paws wet. All flowers are not in one garden. Clothes make the man. A coin of gold is delighting in a bag of silver coins Cometh the hour, cometh the man. (Some information about the phrase and about its use by a 1940s cricketer) A constant guest is never welcome. A coward dies a thousand times before his death. The valiant never taste of death but once. From William Shakespeares Julius Caesar[1] The cure is worse than the disease. The customer is always right. Cleaning the house when kids are growing, is like shoveling snow when its still snowing. [edit]D Damned if you do, damned if you dont. Lorenzo Dow (d. 1834). [2] Desperate times call for desperate measures. The difference between a man and a cat or a dog is that only a man can write the names of the cat and the dog. Different strokes for different folks. Discretion is the better part of valor. Derived from The better part of valour is discretion, in the which better part I have saved my life. Falstaff in Shakespeares Henry IV, Part 1. Does a one-legged duck swim in circles? alternate saying for Does a bear shit in the woods and a common response to an obvious answer yes to a silly question. Do it today, tomorrow it may be against the law. Dont bark if you cant bite. Dont bite off more than you can chew. Dont bite the hand that feeds you. Dont bring a knife to a gun fight. Dont burn your bridges. Dont burn the candle at both ends. Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched. Dont cross a bridge before you come to it. Dont cry over spilt milk. Dont cut off your nose to spite your face. Dont dig your grave with your own knife and fork. Dont enter your nose in the affairs of others. Dont fall before youre pushed. Dont have too many irons in the fire. Dont judge a book by its cover. Dont judge a man by the size of his hat, but by the angle of his tilt. Dont let procrastination eat your own clock.

Environmental Dispossession Essay -- Canada

Canada has a vast and prominent Aboriginal population that requires diverse and culturally safe health care. Milligan (2010) reports that as of 2006 there were 1,172,785 identified Aboriginals residing in Canada. British Colombia is home to 196,075 Aboriginals, the second largest provincial population in Canada, with 7,050 individuals of this reported Aboriginal population residing within Kamloops. This large provincial population of Aboriginals accounts for approximately 5% of BC’s total population and therefore it is vital that the disparity in both access and outcome of health care related shortcomings, which are highly publicised, be addressed. One major health problem, which has gradually increased in prevalence within this vulnerable population over the past several decades, is diabetes. Health Canada reported in 2000 that the prevalence of diabetes among aboriginals is a minimum of three times higher than that of the non-aboriginal population in Canada. This increa sed risk of diabetes can be attributed to numerous factors such as, genetic predisposition (Thouez et al. as cited in Health Canada, 2000) or decreased access to education or services that benefit aboriginal people (Barton, 2008). This paper will analyze the effects of environmental dispossession as a determinant of health, while concurrently connecting intervention strategies with current practices. Definitions For the purpose of this paper, it is important to define several key terms that will be used. The term Aboriginal will encompass individuals who identify as First Nations, Inuit or MÃ ©tis people. Although from a statistical standpoint, there is some noticeable variation in degree of risk regarding diabetes, it is important to recognize that enviro... ...ada. (2000). Diabetes among aboriginal people in Canada: The evidence. Ottawa: Health Canada. Johnson, J. A., Vermeulen, S. U., Toth, E. L., Hemmelgarn, B. R., Ralph-Campbell, K., Hugel, G., . . . Crowshoe, L. (2009). Increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetes among the status aboriginal population urban and rural Alberta, 1995-2006. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 231-236. Raphael, D., Curry-Stevens, A., & Bryant , T. (2008). Barriers to addressing the social determinants of health: Insights from the Canadian experience. Health Policy, 88(2-3), 222-235. Richmond, C. A., & Ross, N. A. (2009). The determinants of first nation and inuit health: A critical population health approach. Health & Place, 15(2), 403-411. Shelly, M. (2010). 2006 Aboriginal population profile for Kamloops. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

Raymond’s Run Essay Essay

This is a story by the writer Toni Cade Bambara who describes the events that take place in the life of a skinny girl named Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker, a little African-American girl with a squeaky voice that has passion to run. However the tale begins describing the members of her family, the author writes more about Hazel and her brother Raymond. Raymond is not quite right; apparently he suffers a metal disease. He’s bigger and older than Hazel, but a lot of people call him Hazel’s little brother because he needs to be looking after. â€Å"Squeaky† often takes strolls down Broadway so she can practice her breathing exercises while she keeps an eye on her brother all the time. She makes Raymond walk on the inside because he always makes fantasies so he starts thinking he’s a circus performer and that the curb is a tightrope strung high in the air. Hazel is known as Mercury because she is the swiftest thing in the neighborhood, only her father can beat her to Amsterdam Avenue with Hazel having a two hydrant head start and him running with his hands in his pockets and whistling. Hazel is loyal to her brother, always ready to protect him. She’s a person, who doesn’t tolerate standing and listening talks from somebody else, she likes to get right over things quickly. She doesn’t like much a girl named Gretchen and her friends Mary Louise Williams from Baltimore and Rosie because Gretchen’s a potential rival for the fifty-yard dash. She believes she’s tough, not a strawberry or someone who enjoys dancing on her toes, she likes to run and this passion had made her to win many trophies, ribbons and it’s because of her velocity. Every time just before she takes off in a race, she feels like she is in a dream, the kind you have when you’ve fever and feel hot and weightless. She usually dreams she flies over a sandy beach in the early morning sun, touching the leaves of the trees. She also perceives the smell of apples just like in the country when she used to think she was a choo-choo train. Near the end Hazel competes against Gretchen P. Lewis at the May Day races, she wins and Gretchen comes in second. This result makes her realize that she is not the only working person who tries hard to get things done, so she started to look her rival in a very different way with a big smile of respect between them. So there she was, thinking about all the prices she’s have got and that she could retire by the time, it occurred to her that she could train her brother to become a champion as the tradition of the family is. Other characters:

Heart of Darkness Essay

The main theme of the novel Heart of Darkness is the darkness of the human nature and its destructive influence on human beings. This research paper aims to analyze the character and personal downfall of Kurtz and use him as an example for the darkness of the human nature. It will show how easily a man can experience bad fate; Kurtz was an ambitious man full of hope who came to Africa in search for wealth and fortune and ended up going insane and dying. Kurtz is an agent of the Trade Company, in fact, one of the best agents. He works for them in Africa in an ivory country, collecting ivory, and he has the ability to collect a lot more ivory than any other man. He is an ambitious, charismatic person willing to do anything that is needed to achieve greatness. Although Kurtz is the main character of the story, most of the things we learn about him come indirectly to us; there are always some people who tell stories about him. His greatest desire is the one for gaining a fortune through ivory and that desire led him to Africa. But he did not do everything on his own will, he was a representative of the European colonizers, and he only did what they wanted him to do. Just to give an example, when he enslaved the natives and even slaughtered them at the Inner Station, the Trade Company did not do anything about that, they did not stop or accuse him. He was only praised for his talented capacity of collecting ivory. Kurtz was of the belief that he could achieve everything as he wished as long as he tried hard. He was also a very greedy person, as were all of the colonizers; it was a common characteristic for them. That way, he shows a great desire for fame, power and wealth. Kurtz had absolute power at the Inner Station; he had the ability to get everything and everyone under his control. Kurtz made clear statements what kind of men he wanted to work for him, he did not want weak men, or men â€Å"of that sort†, he immediately sent them away: â€Å"‘Yes, ‘answered the manager; ‘he sent his assistant down the river with a note to me in these terms: â€Å"Clear this poor devil out of the country, and don’t bother sending more of that sort. I had rather be alone than have the kind of men you can dispose of with meâ€Å" (Chapter 2, 33). He was as well really cruel, and he ruled the place with the use of his cruelty. The heads of the natives who offended him were standing outside his windows and they only proved Kurtz’s cruelty. He proved his greediness and cruelty once again when he threatened to shoot the Russian if he refused to give him his ivory: â€Å"He declared he would shoot me unless I gave him the ivory and then cleared out of the country, because he could do so, and had a fancy for it, and there was nothing on earth to prevent him killing whom he jolly well pleasedâ€Å" (Chapter 3, 56). Kurtz was a pretty normal, somewhat ambitious person who got in touch with the wilderness of Africa and fell prey to it. He believes that he must approach the natives as a god, ant that only this way he can survive in the wilderness and lead the people to civilization. But his obsession for power and wealth and his greediness did not let him last long in the jungle as the wilderness pretty soon took his sanity and all that was the old Kurtz: â€Å"It had taken him, loved him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul to its own by the inconceivable ceremonies of some devilish initiationâ€Å" (Chapter 2, 49). Kurtz could not be saved at the end, because he did not want to leave the place where he earned his wealth and fame, even if it meant that he would save his life. All the power that he had did not allow him to leave his territory to other hands. At the end of the story, Kurtz becomes very ill. His sickness could easily be a reflection of his diseased and sick mind. His sickness also shows the great power of the wilderness to suck out all that is human from a man and leave him so weak and helpless as Kurtz was in the end. His last words â€Å"The Horror! The Horror! † (Chapter 3, 71) may represent all the strange and horrible things that he went through in Africa and all his actions, slaughtering and enslaving he did to the natives. Kurtz seems to be regretful about his actions, as it was not really his choice to become the man he was at the end, it was more the wilderness and the act of colonization, which he was a victim of, that destroyed his soul. At that time, he believed that he was doing the right thing by supporting the colonization and enslavement program.

Political Issues of Animal Farm essays

Political Issues of Animal Farm essays Eric Arthur Blair, better known by his pseudonym George Orwell, is an English author commonly known to write about political issues. Orwell has been highly acclaimed and criticized for his novels, including one of his most famous, Animal Farm. In a satirical form, George Orwell uses personified farm animals to express his views on Stalinism in the novel Animal Farm. Throughout Orwell's early novels, democratic socialism kept the author from total despair of all humans. After his better experience in the Spanish Civil War and the shock of the Nazi-Soviet pact, Orwell developed Animal Farm. The socialism Orwell believed in was not a hardheaded "realistic" approach to society and politics but a rather sentimental, utopian vision of the world as a "raft sailing through space, with, potentially, plenty of provisions for everybody". Animal Farm is a satirical beast fable, which has been heralded as Orwell's lightest, gayest work. It is a novel based on the first thirty years of the Soviet Union, a real society pursuing the ideal of equality. His book argues that this kind of society has not worked and could not. Animal Farm has also been known as a an entertaining, witty tale of a farm whose oppressed animals, capable of speech and reason, overcome a cruel master and set up a revolutionary government. On another, more serious level, it is a political allegory, a symbolic tale where all the events and characters represent events and characters in Russian history since 1917. Orwell uses actual historical events to construct Animal Farm, but rearranges them to fit his plot. Manor Farm is Russia, Mr. Jones the czar, the pigs the Bolsheviks who led the revolution. The humans represent the ruling class, the animals the workers and the peasants. Old Major, the inspiration of the rebellion, is a combination of Marx, the chief theorist and Lenin, the actual leader. Old Major dies before the rebellion just as Lenin did in the Russian revolutio...

Biography of Daniel Morgan, U.S. Brigadier General

Biography of Daniel Morgan, U.S. Brigadier General Daniel Morgan (July 6, 1736–July 6, 1802) rose from humble beginnings to become one of the Continental Armys finest tacticians and leaders. The son of Welsh immigrants, he initially saw service in the French and Indian War as a teamster before putting his marksmanship skills to use as a colonial ranger. With the beginning of the American Revolution, Morgan assumed command of a rifle company and soon saw action outside of Boston and during the invasion of Canada. In 1777, he and his men played a key role at the Battle of Saratoga. Fast Facts: Daniel Morgan Known For: As a leader of the Continental Army, Morgan led the Americans to victory during the Revolutionary War.Born: July 6, 1736 in Hunterdon County, New JerseyParents: James and Eleanor MorganDied: July 6, 1802 in Winchester, VirginiaSpouse: Abigail Curry Early Life Born on July 6, 1736, Daniel Morgan was the fifth child of James and Eleanor Morgan. Of Welsh extraction, he is believed to have been born in Lebanon Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He left home around 1753 after a bitter argument with his father. Crossing into Pennsylvania, Morgan initially worked around Carlisle before moving down the Great Wagon Road to Charles Town, Virginia. An avid drinker and fighter, he was employed in various trades in the Shenandoah Valley before beginning a career as a teamster. French and Indian War With the beginning of the French and Indian War, Morgan found employment as a teamster for the British Army. In 1755, he and his cousin Daniel Boone took part in Major General Edward Braddocks ill-fated campaign against Fort Duquesne, which ended in a stunning defeat at the Battle of the Monongahela. Also part of the expedition were two of his future commanders in Lieutenant Colonel George Washington and Captain Horatio Gates. Morgan encountered difficulty the following year when taking supplies to Fort Chiswell. Having irritated a British lieutenant, Morgan was made irate when the officer struck him with the flat of his sword. In response, Morgan knocked the lieutenant out with one punch. Court-martialed, Morgan was sentenced to 500 lashes. He developed a hatred for the British Army. Two years later, Morgan joined a colonial ranger unit that was attached to the British. Morgan was badly injured while returning to Winchester from Fort Edward. Nearing Hanging Rock, he was struck in the neck during a Native American ambush; the bullet knocked out several teeth before exiting his left cheek. Boston With the outbreak of the American Revolution after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Continental Congress called for the formation of 10 rifle companies to aid in the Siege of Boston. In response, Virginia formed two companies and command of one was given to Morgan. He departed Winchester with his troops on July 14, 1775. Morgans riflemen were expert marksmen who employed long rifles, which were more accurate than the standard Brown Bess muskets used by the British. Invasion of Canada Later in 1775, Congress approved an invasion of Canada and tasked Brigadier General Richard Montgomery with leading the main force north from Lake Champlain. To support this effort, Colonel Benedict Arnold convinced the American commander, General George Washington, to send a second force north through the Maine wilderness to aid Montgomery. Washington gave him three rifle companies, collectively led by Morgan, to augment his force. Departing Fort Western on September 25, Morgans men endured a brutal march north before finally joining up with Montgomery near Quebec. Attacking the city on December 31, the American column led by Montgomery halted when the general was killed early in the fighting. In the Lower Town, Arnold sustained a wound to his leg, leading Morgan to take command of their column.  Pushing forward, the Americans advanced through the Lower Town and paused to await Montgomerys arrival.  Unaware that Montgomery was dead, their halt allowed the defenders to recover.  Morgan and many of his men were later captured by Governor Sir Guy Carletons forces. Held as a prisoner until September 1776, Morgan was initially paroled before being formally exchanged in January 1777. Battle of Saratoga After rejoining Washington, Morgan found that he had been promoted to colonel in recognition of his actions at Quebec. He was later assigned to lead the Provisional Rifle Corps, a special 500-man formation of light infantry. After conducting attacks against  General Sir William Howes forces in New Jersey during the summer, Morgan received orders to take his command north to join Major General Horatio Gates army near Albany. Arriving on August 30, he began taking part in operations against  Major General John Burgoynes army, which was advancing south from  Fort Ticonderoga. Morgans men pushed Burgoynes Native American allies back to the main British lines. On September 19, Morgan and his command played a key role as the  Battle of Saratoga  began. Taking part in the engagement at Freemans Farm, Morgans men joined with Major Henry Dearborns light infantry.  Under pressure, his men rallied when Arnold arrived on the field and  the two inflicted heavy losses on the British before retiring to Bemis Heights. On October 7, Morgan commanded the left wing of the American line as the British advanced on Bemis Heights. Again working with Dearborn, Morgan helped to defeat this attack and then led his men forward in a counterattack that saw American forces capture two key redoubts near the British camp. Increasingly isolated and lacking supplies, Burgoyne surrendered on October 17. The victory at Saratoga was the turning point of the conflict and led to the French signing the Treaty of Alliance (1778). Monmouth Campaign Marching south after the triumph, Morgan and his men rejoined Washingtons army on November 18 at Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania, and then entered the winter encampment at Valley Forge. Over the next several months, his command conducted scouting missions, skirmishing occasionally with the British. In June 1778, Morgan missed the Battle of Monmouth Court House when Major General Charles Lee failed to apprise him of the armys movements. Though his command did not take part in the fighting, it did pursue the retreating British and captured both prisoners and supplies. Following the battle, Morgan briefly commanded Woodfords Virginia Brigade. Eager for a command of his own, he was excited to learn that a new light infantry brigade was being formed. Morgan was largely apolitical and had never worked to cultivate a relationship with Congress. As a result, he was passed over for promotion to brigadier general and leadership of the new formation went to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne. Going South The following year Gates was placed in command of the Southern Department and asked Morgan to join him. Morgan expressed concern that his usefulness would be limited as many militia officers in the region would outrank him and asked Gates to recommend his promotion to Congress. After learning of Gates defeat at the Battle of Camden in August, 1780, Morgan decided to return to the field and began riding south. In Hillsborough, North Carolina, Morgan was given command of a corps of light infantry on October 2. Eleven days later, he was finally promoted to brigadier general. For much of the fall, Morgan and his men scouted the region between Charlotte and Camden, South Carolina. On December 2, command of the department passed to Major General Nathanael Greene. Increasingly pressured by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwalliss forces, Greene elected to divide his army, with Morgan commanding one part, in order to give it time to rebuild after the losses incurred at Camden. While Greene withdrew north, Morgan was instructed to campaign in the South Carolina back country with the goal of building support for the cause and irritating the British. Specifically, his orders were to to give protection to that part of the country, spirit up the people, to annoy the enemy in that quarter. Quickly recognizing Greenes strategy, Cornwallis dispatched a mixed cavalry-infantry force led by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton after Morgan. After eluding Tarleton for three weeks, Morgan turned to confront him on January 17, 1781. Battle of Cowpens Deploying his forces in a pasture area known as the Cowpens, Morgan formed his men in three lines. It was his goal to have the first two lines slow the British before withdrawing and forcing Tarletons weakened men to attack uphill against the Continentals. Understanding the limited resolve of the militia, he requested they fire two volleys before withdrawing to the left and reforming to the rear. Once the enemy was halted, Morgan intended to counterattack. In the resulting Battle of Cowpens, Morgans plan worked and the Americans ultimately crushed Tarletons command.  Routing the enemy, Morgan won perhaps the Continental Armys most decisive tactical victory of the war. Death In 1790, Morgan was presented with a gold medal by Congress in recognition of his victory at Cowpens. After the war, he attempted to run for Congress in 1794. Though his initial efforts failed, he was elected in 1797 and served one term before his death in 1802. Morgan was buried in Winchester, Virginia. Legacy Morgan was considered one of the most skilled tacticians of the Continental Army. A number of statues have been erected in his honor, and in 2013 his Winchester, Virginia, home was made a designated historic place.

Medical Genetic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Medical Genetic - Essay Example Offspring with diabetic father and those with diabetic mother show negligible difference in symptoms save for the high LDL-cholesterol identified in those with diabetic mothers. On the other hand, children with diabetic mothers have low hypertension prevalence than those with diabetic fathers. If II: 2 is heterozygous, her genotype will be Mm. III: 1 will be heterozygous in that situation. Looking at how diabetes fulfils the criteria in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY; 613370), Edghill et al. (2008) indicates heterozygosity transmission in a third generation family with three members affected. 7. Yes. Studying the historical nature of the Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the young, it is indicated that patients may not show symptoms of the disease and that diagnosis may be made only when they reach old age. This is because the onset of diabetes, whether, genetic like in this case can be inhibited by the youthful active nature. Youths are very physically active and this can possibly regulate the onset of diabetes. 8. This is a transverse reaction. The amino acids changed because there was a deletion of the TTC trinucleotide in there codons. This is a non-conservative substitution reaction whereby Gly 148 (GGG), which is considered normal, becomes Arg148 (AGG). 9. DNA replication may be affected by strand slippage or crossover events which are unequal. Repetitive sequences at the misalignments cause deletions and nucleotide addition to the molecules of DNA. During substitution, there will be 1 DNA molecule holding a deletion and one having an insertion. The events above occurs when the mismatch repair mechanism fails, failure of direct repair, and nucleotide-excision repair. 5. This is a Mendelian inheritance.For a trait to be Mendelian, the child that receives the allele that is dominant from either of the parent has to have the trait that is dominant in form. The possession of the phenotype that is recessive occurs only when

Compensation Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compensation Practice - Assignment Example Their award winning online banking has served 30 million users. Through their big size, capability and commitment the bank is able to serve the community with superior economic value and services (Our Vision, 2013). Compensation refers to all forms of financial return in terms of tangible services and benefits that the employee receives as a part of employment relationship. It is an integral part of the human resource management that helps in employee motivation and improvement in the organizational effectiveness by paying salary or wage. Salary refers to the payment of the managers or professionals, whose payments are calculated on monthly or annual basis. In contrast, wage is the payment that is received by the workers in hourly or daily basis or for overtime (Bhattacharya & Sengupta, 2009, p. 2).This study deals in understanding the compensation policy of Bank of America Compensation Strategy Compensation strategy is designed depending upon the business strategy and goal. The busi ness goals and objectives are aligned with the Human Resource strategies. The compensation committee devises the compensation plan. The strategy depends upon both the internal and external factors as well as on the life cycle of an organization (Bhattacharya & Sengupta, 2009, p. 3). ... Practices followed by Bank of America The Bank of America follows â€Å"pay-for-performance compensation program† (BOA Compensation Principles, n.d.) which, provides rewards for long term and sustainable result that are aligned to the shareholder’s interest. The primary objective is to provide a tie up between payment and performance while at the same time providing a balancing reward with practical business decision and efficient risk management. All the compensation programs are designed to be consistent with the Compensation Principles, which ensures that the compensation practice does not encourage excessive risk, focuses the employees in managing the company towards long term goals and sustainable values for the shareholders and provides an appropriate realization of the rewards overtime (BOA Compensation Principles, n.d., p. 1). The benefits that the generally provide to their employees include health and dental benefits from the first day of employment, â€Å"Li fe Insurance, Accidental Death, Dismemberment coverage and Disability benefits† (Bank of America, Careers, 2013), retirement benefits, leave benefits like paternity leave, fitness centers, employee cafes and Associate discount program. They also provide a three week vacation when the position starts from entry level. Analysis of the compensation principle The pay of the executive is linked to the performance of the company, which in turn is supposed to increase the stakeholder’s wealth. Compensation also influences the employee wok behavior and organizational performance. This is the measure of paying the employee, which affects the quality of work, attitude towards customers and willingness to be flexible, learning new skills or suggesting

Option Pricing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Option Pricing Theory - Essay Example An option provides the buyer the right to buy or sale the quantity of goods he or she wants at a fixed price known as the strike price. Since the process of buying an option is optional, the holder can choose not to buy or sale the assets. There are two options these are; right to buy and right to sale. Options can come in several varieties like; a put option, gives the seller an underlying price to sale an option (Bostock, 2004). A call option gives its holder the right to buy an option on its set price; these options depend on when the option is offered. Therefore, the paper aims at giving a theoretical analysis of option pricing theory. 2.2 Research questions The paper focuses on two main research questions; to determine the effects of option pricing theory and to explore ways of improving option pricing theory. 2.3 Significance of the research The research targets businessmen who take part in buying and selling of options using the option pricing theories. The research findings w ill provide them with the basis of calculating option prices. The study mainly delimits itself to the two option pricing theories (Black-Scholes model and binomial pricing option models). ... Broadie and Detemple (2000) in their research provided a suggestion that binomial models are modified by replacing the binomial prices with the tree diagram analysis using the the Black-Scholes values, or by making it easy to payoff stocks at maturity, and the other option prices as usual. The major disadvantages of this model is that the option price converges; a result of changes that may take place in the prices. In order to obtain solutions that are exact, the Standard Richardson extrapolation may be applied . Burn (2003) states that, although the option pricing models were used. their patterns of convergent and rate of convergence for calculating the option ratios are not well described. Hull method and extended model can be used to come up with monotonic convergence using as the formula for coming up with deltas and gammas and deltas in this model.He adds that the models can be improved by introducing a more advanced formula, to improve the computation of the hedge ratios while calculation option pricing. The Central Limit Theorem, states that, the actual distribution of prices under the Black-Scholes model converges to its continuous-time limit. For instance, the price distribution of the model converges to a lognormal distribution. Similarly, binomial option prices calculated also converge to the Black-Scholes price. . N-Cumulative Standard normal distribution function r- rate of return (risk free) T-time (up to expiry in years) S-current stock price o- volatility of stock q- strike price Broadie and Detemple (2000) in their evaluation suggested for a binomial model called Binomial Black and Scholes model to price options. This model is identical to the Cox, Ross and Rubinsten (CRR) model apart from

What Is Enterprise Application Integration Information Technology Essay

What Is Enterprise Application Integration Information Technology Essay We are living in a world of rapid technological change. Organizations are demanding more functionality from integrated applications; new computing techniques to reuse and repurpose legacy data, and quicker deployment of technology to suit rapidly changing structures and business focus. And some of these drivers actually contain contradictions which must be simpler, but it has to be compliant with a raft of complex requirements; organizations want it quickly. They want it designed to meet the future to be competitive in the market, but with taking into consideration valuable data that have been accumulated in the past. Some fundamentally new ways of thinking about technology are emerging to manage this complex set of requirements using existing technologies but putting them together quite differently. There is a high competition between organizations worldwide, technology and business process together must be integrated so as to compete in such a market. (Thomas Gulledge, 2006) This paper will discuss the difference between Enterprise Application Integration and Service Oriented Architecture. And will clarify many misconceptions between them. This paper is compromised of three main sections. The first section gives an overview of enterprise application integration. The second section gives an overview on service oriented architecture and web-services. Finally the last section discussing the relationship between enterprise application integration and service oriented architecture. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): What is EAI? Supply chain management applications (for managing inventory and shipping), customer relationship management applications (for managing current and potential customers), business intelligence applications (for finding patterns from existing data from operations), and other types of applications (for managing data such as human resources data, health care, internal communications, etc) typically cannot communicate with one another in order to share data or business rules throughout a company. Enterprise application integration (EAI) is the process of linking such applications within a single organization together in order to simplify and automate business processes to the greatest extent possible, while at the same time avoiding having to make sweeping changes to the existing applications or data structures (Wilfried Limahieu, et al., 2003). Enterprise application integration (EAI) is defined by Linthicum (1999) EAI is the unrestricted sharing of data and business processes among any connected applications and data source in the enterprise, However researchers have different perspective on defining it as some suggested inter-organizational Application Integration as the highest level of EAI and others suggested it as a part of external and internal Application Integration, so It can be considered as two types intra and inter-organizational AI. It is considered as a framework that is formed of a collection of technologies and services forming a middleware allowing the integration of different systems across the enterprise such as legacy systems, enterprise resource planning systems, and best-of-breed business. It is considered as a business computing term for the plans, methods, and tools aimed at modernizing, consolidating, and coordinating the computer applications in an enterprise (Bouchaib Bahli and Fei Ji, 2007). It usually comes in the form of middleware connecting such kind of applications that are usually running on different systems and databases making a difficulty of communicating and sharing information within the enterprise. One large challenge of EAI is that the various systems that need to be linked together often reside on different operating systems, use different database solutions and different computer languages, and in some cases are legacy systems that are no longer supported by the vendor who originally created them (Mrinos Themistocleous, et al., 2001) EAI uses and purposes: EAI serves different purposes throughout an enterprise that allows organizations to be more flexible and responsive to market demands improving their efficiency, some of these uses are data integration, vendor independence and common facade. (Mrinos Themistocleous, et al., 2001) 2.2.1. Data integration: Data Integration is also well known as Enterprise Information Integration (EII) which is considered as the integration of information used for viewing all the data within the organization and representing them. Its goal is to get data from various data sources to appear to a system user as a single unified data source. It ensures that information in multiple systems is kept consistent. It works by providing homogenous data representations to a range of wide data sources, By providing a front end tool by which users can access data from many different databases, the software can greatly increase the efficiency of business processes that rely on these disparate databases. 2.2.2. Process Integration: Full benefit will be extracted from computer systems, only by making resources available to every single process and user within an enterprise. Unfortunately, the development of department specific systems has encouraged applications becoming more isolated and available only to a small portion of the enterprise; this kind of isolation is called islands of automation. EAI software offers the opportunity to make a connection and removing the gap between these applications. Whereas data integration standardizes data across an enterprise, process integration standardizes access to the technology and resources. It is finally considered as the linking of business processes across applications. 2.2.3 Vendor independence: As mentioned EAI software is designed for allowing integration of new applications. By extracting rules and business policies from current data and applications and implementing them in the EAI system, it becomes possible to apply these rules to new applications added in the future with little disruption, that even if one of the business applications is replaced with a different vendors application, the business rules do not have to be re-implemented. 2.2.4 Common facade: An EAI system offers a complete front-end solution, a front-end for a cluster of applications, providing a single consistent access interface to these applications. Single interface helps in reducing the complexity of many business processes throughout and enterprise, Moreover will remove the necessity of training users to operate a range of different applications, so a small basic training can be sufficient for allowing users to operate the EAI interface in a professional manner. Barriers to effective EAI and implementation pitfalls: EAI projects suffers from a nearly 70% of failure. These failures was not due to a software problem nor a technical one, however almost were due to management issues. According to EAI Industry Consortium workshop there are seven main pitfalls that were taken by companies using EAI systems explaining solutions to each problem.( Gian Trotta, ebizQ, 2003; Marinos Themistocleous, 2004) Change is constant: EAI require changes frequently in different components, spreading across value chains into companies as an integrated business process. Budgeting in the end of a particular project gets companies into trouble when service level and many requirements increase after deployment, thats the reason companies should create a post project investment that allows more than for basic maintenance. EAI skills are rare: The market suffers from a lack in persons that have skills considering EAI complex parallel processing and data combinations which can distract programmers and other staff who are used to a straight line approach. Moreover organizations that prefer the third party vendor route must be aware of its drawbacks. In addition, local language, Knowledge transfer and issue contingencies should be considered. Standards are never universal: Sometimes vendors deviate from inconsistent specifications and from different standards bodies such as those for Web services. On top of that, these standards bodies often have quite a heavy involvement from vendors, and vendors might be deciding to pursue their own agendas. Since standards cant guarantee interoperability, companies should budget for testing and validation, though relying on standards. Thinking of EAI as a tool as opposed to a system: Other critical organizational issue which was not realized till companies experienced it was a failure to realize that EAI can sometimes be difficult to control and sometimes affects other projects and service levels throughout and beyond the enterprise. It requires a set of tools and some procedures to deal with things such as security, capacity, change management and monitoring. Here comes roles and responsibilities, in which business analysts are responsible for defining the flows, IT people are the ones responsible for the actual execution and EAI administrators who interface with both business and IT staff, and finally Competence Centers are highly recommended. Treating interfaces as a science as opposed to an art: IT staff prefers solving problems using analytic solutions and inaccurate definitions to solve business unit requirements; however EAI is about linking those business components together while maintaining the value of business data. Thats the reason why building some kind of negotiation process that everybody agrees with would be a plus. That will help in resolving issues with the business departments. Without taking that into account time will be lost, deadlines will be exceeded and finally the service delivered will lack in quality considering business needs. Discarding details along the way: Within an organization as its EAI system expands, information that may seem unimportant today may become important. As an example operational requirements often differ beyond the project development stage. Keeping a record of definitions, structures, interfaces and flows, and gathering statistics would decrease lots of effort later on when it is needed. Companies must look at such kind of information at a much higher level, that one day they might need it. EAI implementation should be extensible and modular to be flexible for future changes. Unclear accountability and protectionism: Lots of companies suffers from unclear accountability as business driven integration has a need to cross corporate boundaries, engage partners, and even touch customers. As an example when there is a run time issue, it has to be addressed in some kind of coordinated fashion combining both business and IT skills. Moreover applications whose data is being integrated sometimes belong to different departments that have cultural, technical and political reasons for preventing their data to be shared with other departments. It makes it so difficult considering internal corporate politics which could take months trying to resolve simple questions like Where does the help desk report? Benefits and advantages of EAI: Imagine a company having many systems each serving a certain department and not connected nor integrated together, such a company will fall apart and will not be able to compete in the business any more as lack of communication leads to inefficiencies, EAI is the soluble glue needed for modular relationships that allow organizations to be flexible and responsive to market demands, thats the reason an integration is required (Thomas Pushmann and Rainer Alt, 2004). EAI benefits can be categorized into four groups operational, managerial, strategic, and technical. The operational benefit is that it increases productivity, improves planning in supply chain management and quick response to change. Shifting to the managerial benefit it results into more organized business process, increases the performance, improves data quality, and supports decision making. EAI strategic benefit would be that it increases collaboration between partners, achieves return on investment (ROI) and customer satisfaction. And finally the forth and last category which is the technical benefits in which it reduces the redundancy of tasks and data, having an integrated process, increases flexibility, and reduces development risks. It also allows organizations to do business more effectively. (Marinos Themistocleous, 2004) It allows diverse systems to connect with one another quickly to share data, communicate, and processes the information silos that plague many businesses. EAI solutions provide a way to connect the systems of collaborators, partners, and others for as long as necessary, decoupling when the relationship ends. EAI is the soluble glue for the modular corporation. It not only integrate various enterprise applications it also provides better customers and supplier services applications, and aid in promoting organizational goals. There are many cited advantages of implementing EAI, including an increased operational performance, a higher customer satisfaction. Moreover, EAI is not only about an ad hoc response to business needs, but also about gaining competitive advantage and strategic use of information technology (Themistocleous and Irani, 2002). Finally EAI is the unrestricted sharing of data and business processes throughout the networked applications or data sources in an organization. It provides real time information access among systems, helps raise organizational efficiency, and maintains information integrity across multiple systems. It is facilitates the integration problems that ERP systems failed to solve and facilitates market and economical growth.(Bouchaib Bahli and Fei Ji, 2007) Drawbacks and disadvantages of EAI: However, given all the benefits of EAI, many companies hesitate to adopt EAI technology. High initial development costs, especially for small and mid-sized businesses, require a fair amount of up front business design, which many managers are not able to envision or not willing to invest in. One drawback of EAI is that the various systems that need to be linked together often reside on different operating systems, use different database solutions and different computer languages, and sometimes there are legacy systems that are outdated and no longer supported by the vendor. In some cases, such systems are dubbed because they consist of components that have been jammed together in a way that makes it very hard to modify them in any way. In addition that EAI costs a lot, it introduces changes to organizations and the way of doing their business. Moreover it is more likely to be implemented in large organizations than in companies. Finally most EAI projects usually start off as point to point efforts, quickly becoming unmanageable as the number of applications increase. .(Marinos Themistocleous, 2004). Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): .What is SOA?: Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can be decomposed as follows; an architecture style as a combination of distinctive features in which architecture is performed, supporting service orientation which is a way of thinking in terms of services and its outcomes. In which a service in SOA is a reusable component for using in a business process, it is a logical representation of a repeatable business activity that has a specified outcome and may be composed of other services. (Mark Colan, 2004; Barbara Reed, 2008) SOA is defined differently, however the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) an IT industry standards body defined as follows: A paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. It provides a uniform means to offer, discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effects consistent with measurable preconditions and expectations. Others defined SOA as An architectural design principle that describes a set of guidelines, principles and techniques by which business processes, information and technology assets can be effectively (re) organized and (re) deployed to support and enable strategic plans and productivity levels that are required by competitive business environments. (Rense M. Balk, 2006,2008). It is a set of design principles used during the phases of systems development and integration in computing. A system that is a SOA based will be integrated and can be used within multiple systems across many business domains. It is considered as a type of architecture that integrates different disparate applications for a web based environment using multiple implementation platforms. Service-orientation requires loose coupling of services with operating systems, and other technologies that underlie applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units, or services, which developers make accessible over a network in order to allow users to combine and reuse them in the production of applications. It is an architectural concept in which all functions, or services, are defined using a description language usually Extensible Markup Language (XML) and where their interfaces are discoverable over a network. The interface is defined in a neutral manner that is independent of the hardwa re platform, the operating system, and the programming language in which the service is implemented. These services communicate together using loose coupling without effecting other ones. (Jean-Louis Marà ©chaux,2006) Properties and principles of a Service Oriented Architecture: A Service Oriented Architecture is a style of architecture that embodies the following principles and elements: Services loose coupling: Services should be able to interact without the need for tight dependencies, in which a service requester should be loosely coupled to a service provider. This means that the service requester has no knowledge of the technical details of the providers implementation, such as the programming language and deployment platform. The service requester operates by sending a request message and a response one. The loose coupling allows the internal structure of requester or provider components to change, without impacting the other, provided that the message schema stays the same. (Sefan Linders, 2008; Mark Colan 2004; Rense M. Balk, 2006-2008) Services are autonomous: Services have control over the logic they encapsulate and do not depend on other services. Allowing the service to take care of its processing making it independent from other ones. Service autonomy is a primary consideration when deciding how application logic should be divided up into services (Rense M. Balk, 2006-2008; Sefan Linders, 2008) . Standardized and well-defined Service Contract: Services adhere to a communications agreement, as defined collectively by one or more service-description documents it provides information on the service end point, the operations of the service, and the messages supported by each operation. This information is needed for a service requester to connect to a service provider and invoke the service. A service should have a well-defined interface that is mentioned and described in a service contract or its service definition. (Sefan Linders, 2008; Rense M. Balk, 2006-2008) Services internal structure is hidden: The only part of a service that is visible to the users is what is only needed. The underlying logic of the service is invisible and irrelevant to service requesters. Components using the service should not know or care about the implementation logic of a service, but just want the expected result to be returned. (Sefan Linders, 2008) SOA Requirements: In order to efficiently use a Service Oriented Architecture and to overcome problems, the architecture must meet the following requirements: (Edward Tuggle, Jr.,et al ,2003) Analyzing and considering the existing assets. Some times the existing systems are totally neglected; however it still has a great value. Existing system must be integrated and taken into consideration, in which overtime they will be replaced Support all required types of integration including User Interaction providing a single and interactive user experience, Application Connectivity facilitating communications, Information Integration for sharing enterprise data, being able to add new applications and services, and Process Integration. Interoperability among different systems and programming languages that provides the basis for integration between applications on different platforms through a communication protocol. Allowing the implementation of new computing models such as Grid computing and on-demand computing. Allowing the migration of assets and incremental implementations for the production of incremental ROI. Lots of integration projects have failed due to cost and unmanageable implementation schedules. Include a development environment that will be built around a standard component framework, promote better reuse of modules and systems, allow legacy assets to be migrated to the framework, and allow for the timely implementation of new technologies. Understanding web services: A misconception is that web services is a synonym of SOA; however web services are based on open standards that are independent from any implementation platform, it is a set of technologies including The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), The Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) and Extensible Markup Language (XML) (Mark Colan, 2004). A suitable technology is needed for the implementation of a SOA that can support the principles of service-orientation and there is no technology has been more suitable and successful in implementing SOA than web services. Other technologies can be employed as well for implementing an SOA, All major vendor platforms currently support the creation of service-oriented solutions with the understanding that the SOA support provided is based on the use of web services. The web services framework consists of a collection of technologies that apply to the use of services. (A.D. Phippen, et al.,2004; Sefan Linders, 2008). SOA presents the big picture of what can be made with Web services. Web services specifications define the details needed to implement services and interact with them (Mark Colan, 2004) . In a web service approach, each SOA block can play one or both of two rules a service provider which creates a web service and possibly publishes its interface and access information to the service registry. Secondly a service consumer or web service client which locates entries in the broker registry using various find operations and then binds to the service provider in order to invoke one of its web services (Edward Tuggle, Jr. et al., 2003) SOA Benefits: A question may arise for the reason of using SOA? Some of the key benefits are as follows: 3.5.1. Reusability: The principles that were discussed drive the opportunities for reuse of services. As an example autonomy and loose coupling of services results in independency of services, this broadens the applicability of its reusable functionality; hiding underlying logic adapts reusability, because service requesters are presented a generic public interface; A well-defined service promotes reuse also, because it allows service requestors to search and discover reusable services .Service orientation promotes the design of reusable services; Creating a library of services that support reuse, provides increased opportunities for leveraging existing application logic. When new application logic is built, the time for designing, developing, testing, and deploying the application can be reduced when the required logic is available in existing services, enabling composition of services, rather than developing all application logic from scratch (Sefan Linders, 2008). Efficient integration: Using communication standards such as web services on the design of services it can result in the creation of solutions that consist of inherently interoperable services in which the functionality of services becomes independent of the implementation platform. Meaning that services can communicate using the same protocol even though it resides on different platforms. Theoretically, when all services are designed according to the same standards, an access to any service is applicable from a service requester from any device, using any operating system, in any programming language. When application logic is represented by standardized services, creating interaction between them requires less effort since the communication proceeds using the same protocol. SOA can therefore significantly reduce the efforts of application integration over other methods. The benefit of interoperability does not only apply to services that are built from scratch, but also applies to legacy systems (Apostol os Malatras, et al. 2008; Sefan Linders, 2008). Agility and adaptability: Agility of an organization is the speed to which an organization copes to changes in an environment. Through the opportunities for both reusability and integration, SOA can increase the ability of the organization to cope with changes. Agility of an organization depends in part on the agility of the application logic that supports the business processes of the organization. An IT environment that is standardized, interoperable and reusable services establishes a more adaptive organization, in which automation solutions can be delivered faster, with less effort involved (Sefan Linders, 2008). EAI and SOA Relationship: 4.1. Evolution or revolution: Some misbelieves is that EAI is a thing of past and SOA is the new thing that is replacing it, this is just like if a person says transportation is a thing of past now road is here. SOA is more like EAI than a lot of software vendors would have believe. In fact, in many vendors offerings, especially the ones labeled ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) have changed very little from their EAI roots. Simply adding web services support to a product that already supports multiple protocols is not a radical improvement. SOA most likely includes messaging particularly for legacy integration. EAI also implements loose coupling though message queues and or publish subscribe messaging (Greg Deller, 2008). Many of the best practices of EAI apply directly to SOA. EAI concept of interfaces is a message publisher and subscriber. There are four types of EAI where integration projects fall; information portals, data replication, shared business function and service-oriented architecture; in which when there are enough useful services available in a company, new applications can be built by reusing already existing services only (Robert Thullner, 2008; P. Joshi, H.Singh and A.D. Phippen 2004). Companies that were doing a good job with EAI will have an easier time with SOA. They have untangled the spaghetti bowl of interfaces and now service enabling them will be much simpler. Those who struggled or failed with EAI now have another chance with our newly relabeled technology. But simply slapping a web service in front of a tangle of interfaces and decades worth of dirty data will not realize the promise of SOA. There is still a lot of heavy lifting to do and a need for a well defined approach and a set of best practices. (Robert Thullner, 2008) A SOA web services and EAI: An assumption that web services are the tools for building EAI could be made.. Integration can be done with web services, but it is a very heavyweight approach. There are many standards that is developed which should build the fundament for a widespread acceptance and usage of web services. The standards are UDDI for the registry component, WSDL for describing interfaces of services, and SOAP protocol communication between services. Many other standards have been developed around these principles supporting web services growth, they are usually referred as WS- standards. A WS- standard could be messaging (SOAP, WS-Addressing), description and discovery (UDDI, WSDL), reliability (WSReliable Messaging), transactions (WS Coordination), security (WS-Security), business processes (BPEL) and management (WSManageability) . Those WS-* standards would cover all topics which are needed for an EAI solution, BPEL can be used to build business processes and for management of the EAI solution mana gement standards can be used. SOAP can be used for messaging and can be extended by WS-Reliably Messaging to ensure that a message gets delivered. Web services standards are all based on XML and when implementing an EAI solution a lot of XML configuration files have to be written to get a working solution. The three main standards SOAP, WSDL and UDDI have been accepted by all vendors. All other standards have been developed to solve a specific problem in the web services domain. As soon as standards are broadly accepted by all major vendors of EAI solutions the web service technology can be a reasonable and effective approach for EAI solutions (Greg Deller, 2008; Robert Thullner, 2008). Research Gap: While going through the literature there are to many limitations and gaps. This is mainly because researches do not focus on EAI and SOA, in which there are lots of misconceptions present due to the lack of research on them. Some of the limitations are that SOA is a confusing term to managers, because technologists do not share a common understanding of service-oriented concepts. If technologists present the concepts from different perspectives, then confusion persists. In fact, SOA is not well understood by managers, and the business benefits are even less understood. For that reason, companies are slowly investing in SOA mitigating risk through pilot projects and being very cautious. Moreover experience in SOA and EAI is rare and as a result the academic research on them. Moreover according to Sefan Linders (2008), none of the identified benefits of SOA were based on empirical findings. Conclusion: In this paper, we examined the difference between enterprise application integration and service oriented architecture. In the first section of the paper, Enterprise application integration is generally discussed with its benefits, drawbacks to an organization, and its barriers including the rare skills and thinking of EAI as a tool opposed to a system. In the second section service oriented architecture was examined discussing its principles and requirements for preventing future problems. Afterwards the concept of web services was explained followed by SOA benefits. Finally the relationship between both EAI and SOA was discussed explaining how can both work together.